做午夜黄色视频在线观看工程的都知道，午夜黄色视频在线观看从厌氧罐里出来只是第一步。如果只是用来烧锅炉或者直燃发电，那还相对简单；但要是想把午夜黄色视频在线观看提纯成生物天然气并入管网或者做车用，事情就复杂多了。很多项目卡在提纯这一段，不是因为设备不行，而是前期对午夜黄色视频在线观看成分和提纯目标没理清楚，导致工艺路线选错，投资花了，气却不达标。

Those who work in biogas engineering know that the release of biogas from anaerobic tanks is only the first step. If it is only used for burning boilers or direct combustion power generation, it is relatively simple; But if you want to purify biogas into bio natural gas and integrate it into the pipeline or use it for vehicles, the situation becomes much more complicated. Many projects are stuck in the purification stage, not because the equipment is not working, but because they did not have a clear understanding of the composition and purification goals of biogas in the early stage, resulting in the wrong process route selection, investment spending, but gas not meeting the standards.

先看原料气里有什么，再谈用什么提纯工艺。 午夜黄色视频在线观看的主要成分是甲烷和二氧化碳，但真正麻烦的是那些含量不高却影响很大的杂质：硫化氢、水分、粉尘、氨气，还有硅氧烷这类微量物质。硫化氢腐蚀设备、使催化剂中毒，水分和粉尘堵塞管道和膜组件，硅氧烷燃烧后生成二氧化硅沉积在发动机或者锅炉里。提纯之前先把这些杂质处理掉，脱硫、脱水、除尘是标配。如果原料气来自餐厨垃圾或者垃圾填埋场，硅氧烷的检测不能省，否则后面膜分离或者变压吸附的组件很快失效。

First, check what is in the raw gas, and then discuss the purification process to be used. The main components of biogas are methane and carbon dioxide, but the real problem is the impurities that are not high in content but have a significant impact: hydrogen sulfide, moisture, dust, ammonia, and trace substances such as siloxanes. Hydrogen sulfide corrodes equipment, poisons catalysts, blocks pipelines and membrane components with moisture and dust, and produces silicon dioxide deposits in engines or boilers after siloxane combustion. Before purification, these impurities must be removed, and desulfurization, dehydration, and dust removal are standard features. If the feed gas comes from food waste or garbage landfill, the detection of siloxane cannot be omitted, otherwise the post facial mask separation or PSA components will soon become invalid.

提纯工艺怎么选，取决于出气用途和规模。 目前主流的午夜黄色视频在线观看提纯技术有几种：变压吸附（PSA）适合中小规模，投资相对低，但对原料气预处理要求高；膜分离适合大规模，占地小、能耗低，但膜组件价格贵，对硫化氢和水分很敏感；化学吸收或者水洗法适合产气量大的项目，甲烷回收率高，但运行成本要仔细算。还有一种是把午夜黄色视频在线观看精制成生物天然气（BNG），可以注入城市管网或者做车用燃料，这种对甲烷纯度和杂质含量的要求非常高，工艺链也非常长。选型时要先把出气指标定死——是进管网、做CNG还是就地发电，指标不同，工艺组合和投资差很多。

The selection of purification process depends on the purpose and scale of the exhaust gas. There are currently several mainstream biogas purification technologies: pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is suitable for small and medium-sized scale, with relatively low investment, but high requirements for raw gas pretreatment; Membrane separation is suitable for large-scale, small footprint, and low energy consumption, but membrane components are expensive and sensitive to hydrogen sulfide and moisture; Chemical absorption or water washing methods are suitable for projects with high gas production and high methane recovery rates, but the operating costs need to be carefully calculated. Another method is to refine biogas into bio natural gas (BNG), which can be injected into urban pipelines or used as vehicle fuel. This method has the highest requirements for methane purity and impurity content, and the longest process chain. When selecting, it is necessary to first determine the exhaust indicators - whether it is entering the pipeline network, producing CNG, or on-site power generation. Different indicators result in significant differences in process combinations and investments.

气量波动这件事，提纯系统比发电系统更敏感。 厌氧发酵受温度、原料、微生物活性影响，产气量不可能恒定。发电机组对气量波动还有一定容忍度，但提纯系统是连续运行的，气量忽大忽小会让膜组件或者吸附塔工作不稳定，影响分离效率和甲烷回收率。多数项目需要配套气柜或者缓冲装置来平衡气量波动，保证提纯系统在相对稳定的工况下运行。如果前端产气波动大，提纯系统的设计规模要留出余量，不能按平均产气量配。

The purification system is more sensitive to fluctuations in gas volume than the power generation system. Anaerobic fermentation is affected by temperature, raw materials, and microbial activity, and the gas production cannot be constant. The generator set still has a certain tolerance for gas volume fluctuations, but the purification system operates continuously, and fluctuations in gas volume can cause unstable membrane components or adsorption towers, affecting separation efficiency and methane recovery rate. Most projects require supporting gas holders or buffering devices to balance gas volume fluctuations and ensure that the purification system operates under relatively stable conditions. If the front-end gas production fluctuates greatly, the design scale of the purification system should leave room for margin and cannot be distributed according to the average gas production.

运行成本和甲烷回收率，是判断提纯项目值不值的关键。 提纯过程中总有一部分甲烷会损失在尾气里，回收率高的工艺损失少、经济效益好，但设备投资往往也高。另外，提纯系统的电耗、药剂消耗、膜组件或吸附剂的更换周期，这些运行成本要提前算清楚。有些项目设备上马后才发现电费比卖气的收入还高，就是前期只算了设备投资没算运行账。选供应商时，非常好要求提供同类型项目的实际运行数据，而不是只看理论指标。

The operating cost and methane recovery rate are key factors in determining the value of purification projects. During the purification process, a portion of methane will always be lost in the exhaust gas. Processes with high recovery rates have less loss and better economic benefits, but equipment investment is often high. In addition, the operating costs of the purification system, such as power consumption, reagent consumption, membrane component or adsorbent replacement cycle, should be calculated in advance. Some projects only realize that the electricity bill is higher than the revenue from selling gas after the equipment is put into operation, which means that only the equipment investment was calculated in the early stage without taking into account the operating account. When selecting suppliers, it is best to request actual operational data for projects of the same type, rather than just looking at theoretical indicators.

午夜黄色视频在线观看提纯是把废弃物变成清洁能源的关键一步，也是技术上非常容易出问题的一步。把原料气成分、出气用途、气量波动、运行成本这四件事想透，项目才能真正跑起来。

Biogas purification is a crucial step in turning waste into clean energy, and it is also the most technically problematic step. Only by thoroughly considering the composition of the raw gas, the purpose of the exhaust, the fluctuation of the gas volume, and the operating costs, can the project truly run.

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