脱硫脱硫方式按应用阶段可分为燃烧前、燃烧中、燃烧后三类，其中燃烧后烟气脱硫（FGD）应用最广，按脱硫剂及产物干湿状态又可分为湿法、半干法、干法，（炭素厂脱硫应用最多的时湿法脱硫，少部分半干法脱硫）以下是详细介绍:（最后有湿法脱硫工艺要素）

　　The desulfurization methods can be divided into three categories according to the application stage: pre combustion, during combustion, and post combustion. Among them, post combustion flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is the most widely used. According to the dry and wet state of the desulfurizer and product, it can be further divided into wet, semi dry, and dry methods. (Wet desulfurization is the most commonly used method for desulfurization in carbon plants, and a small part is semi dry desulfurization.) The following is a detailed introduction: (Finally, there are elements of wet desulfurization process)

　　燃烧前脱硫

　　Pre combustion desulfurization

　　燃烧前脱硫是通过对燃料预处理减少硫分，常用选煤与配煤技术。

　　Pre combustion desulfurization is achieved by reducing sulfur content through fuel pretreatment, commonly using coal selection and blending techniques.

　　a.利用物理方法（如重选、浮选）去除煤中无机硫（如黄铁矿）

　　a. Using physical methods such as reselection and flotation to remove inorganic sulfur (such as pyrite) from coal

　　b.利用煤炭气化后对合成气脱硫（如低温甲醇洗、聚乙二醇二甲醚法）

　　b. Using coal gasification for desulfurization of synthesis gas (such as low-temperature methanol washing, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether method)

　　燃烧中脱硫

　　During combustion desulfurization

　　是在燃烧过程中加入脱硫剂固硫，常用炉内喷钙与循环流化床燃烧（CFBC），适合中小型锅炉辅助脱硫。

　　It is to add desulfurizer to fix sulfur during the combustion process, commonly using furnace injection of calcium and circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC), suitable for assisting desulfurization in small and medium-sized boilers.

　　燃烧后脱硫（烟气脱硫 FGD）

　　Post combustion desulfurization (flue gas desulfurization)

　　按干湿状态分类：

　　Classified by dry and wet conditions:

　　干法脱硫（脱硫效率 60%-80%）；

　　Dry desulfurization (desulfurization efficiency 60% -80%);

　　半干法脱硫（脱硫效率 85%-95%）；

　　Semi dry desulfurization (desulfurization efficiency 85% -95%);

　　湿法脱硫（脱硫效率 95%-99%）。

　　Wet desulfurization (desulfurization efficiency 95% -99%).

　　干法脱硫（脱硫效率 60%-80%）

　　Dry desulfurization (desulfurization efficiency 60% -80%)

　　主要应用：循环流化床（CFB）干法脱硫：将消石灰浆液喷入流化床，与烟气中的SO2反应；

　　Main applications: Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) dry desulfurization: spraying stone slurry liquid into the fluidized bed and reacting with SO2 in the flue gas;

　　SDS小苏打干法脱硫：以碳酸氢钠（NaHCO3）为脱硫剂，通过热分解生成Na2CO3，再与SO2反应：Na2CO3+SO2→Na2SO3+CO2。该法适应性强（适用于高硫烟气），常与中低温SCR脱硝结合（SDS+SCR），实现SO2和NOx的超低排放。

　　SDS baking soda dry desulfurization: using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the desulfurizer, Na2CO3 is generated through thermal decomposition, and then reacts with SO2: Na2CO3+SO2 → Na2SO3+CO2. This method has strong adaptability (applicable to high sulfur flue gas) and is often combined with medium and low temperature SCR denitrification (SDS+SCR) to achieve ultra-low emissions of SO2 and NOx.

　　半干法脱硫（脱硫效率85%-95%）

　　Semi dry desulfurization (desulfurization efficiency 85% -95%)

　　核心特征为“湿进干出”：主要分为喷雾干燥法（SDA）、循环流化床法（CFB-FGD）、密相干塔法三类.

　　The core feature is "wet in and dry out": it is mainly divided into three categories: spray drying (SDA), circulating fluidized bed (CFB-FGD), and dense coherent tower

　　雾干燥法（SDA）

　　Fog drying method (SDA)

　　通过旋转雾化器将石灰浆（或消石灰浆）雾化成10-100μm的细小液滴，喷入反应塔与300-500℃的烟气充分混合。液滴中的水分迅速蒸发，脱硫剂与SO2反应生成亚硫酸钙（CaSO3），进一步氧化为硫酸钙（CaSO4），最终随烟气进入除尘器收集。

　　By using a rotary atomizer, the lime slurry (or limestone slurry) is atomized into small droplets of 10-100 μ m, which are then sprayed into the reaction tower and thoroughly mixed with flue gas at 300-500 ℃. The water in the droplets evaporates rapidly, and the desulfurizer reacts with SO2 to produce calcium sulfite (CaSO3), which is further oxidized to calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and finally collected by the dust collector along with the flue gas.

　　循环流化床法（CFB-FGD）、

　　Circulating fluidized bed method (CFB-FGD)

　　流程：

　　process

　　吸收剂制备：

　　Preparation of absorbent:

　　采用消石灰（Ca(OH)2）作为脱硫剂（部分项目用石灰石粉（CaCO3）），通过石灰仓（存储消石灰）→旋转给料阀（控制给料量）→缓冲罐（稳定料流）→喷料泵（加压）输送至吸收塔。

　　Using hydrated lime (Ca (OH) 2) as a desulfurizer (some projects use limestone powder (CaCO3)), it is transported to the absorption tower through a lime silo (storing hydrated lime), a rotary feeding valve (controlling the feeding amount), a buffer tank (stabilizing the material flow), and a spray pump (pressurization).

　　若采用石灰石粉，需先通过石灰石粉仓→粉仓旋转给料阀→缓冲罐→喷料泵送至吸收塔。

　　If limestone powder is used, it needs to be first sent to the absorption tower through the limestone powder bin → powder bin rotary feeding valve → buffer tank → spray pump.

　　雾化喷射：

　　Atomization spray:

　　消石灰或石灰石粉通过喷枪（安装在吸收塔底部文丘里管上方）喷入烟气中，同时喷入雾化水（来自工艺水系统），使脱硫剂与烟气充分混合。

　　Lime or limestone powder is sprayed into the flue gas through a spray gun (installed above the Venturi tube at the bottom of the absorption tower), and atomized water (from the process water system) is also sprayed to fully mix the desulfurizer with the flue gas.

　　作用：

　　Function:

　　消石灰（Ca(OH)2）与SO2反应生成亚硫酸钙（\text{CaSO}_3}），进一步氧化为硫酸钙（\text{CaSO}_4}，即石膏）；

　　Lime (Ca (OH) 2) reacts with SO2 to form calcium sulfite {CaSO}_3 }), further oxidized to calcium sulfate {CaSO}_4 }(i.e. gypsum);

　　雾化水的作用是降低烟气温度（通过蒸发吸热），使反应温度维持在70-90℃（高于烟气露点20℃以上，避免结露腐蚀），同时湿润脱硫剂颗粒，增强反应活性。

　　The function of atomized water is to reduce the temperature of flue gas (by absorbing heat through evaporation), maintain the reaction temperature at 70-90 ℃ (above the dew point of flue gas by more than 20 ℃ to avoid condensation corrosion), and wet the desulfurizer particles to enhance reaction activity.

　　湿法脱硫（脱硫效率 95%-99%）

　　Wet desulfurization (desulfurization efficiency 95% -99%)

　　原料主要有钙法（石灰石、生石灰、电石渣）、氨法和镁法脱硫。

　　The main raw materials include calcium desulfurization (limestone, quicklime, carbide slag), ammonia desulfurization, and magnesium desulfurization.

　　前面文章中有相关脱硫篇可查阅。

　　There are relevant desulfurization articles available for reference in the previous article.

　　最后给大家分享午夜黄色视频最常用的石灰石-石膏脱硫法的关键环节技术：

　　Finally, we would like to share with you the key technical steps of our most commonly used limestone gypsum desulfurization method:

　　核心反应：

　　Core reaction:

　　吸收阶段：SO? + H?O → H?SO?

　　Absorption stage: SO?+H? O → H?SO?

　　H?SO? ? H? + HSO??

　　H?SO?  ? H? + HSO??

　　CaCO? + 2H? → Ca?? + CO?↑ + H?O

　　CaCO?  + 2H? → Ca??  + CO?↑ + H?O

　　氧化阶段：2HSO?? + O? → 2SO??? + 2H?

　　Oxidation stage: 2HSO??  + O? → 2SO???  + 2H?

　　结晶阶段：Ca?? + SO??? + 2H?O → CaSO?·2H?O↓

　　Crystallization stage: Ca??  + SO???  + 2H?O → CaSO? ·2H?O↓

　　原料：粒度250目90%，钙纯度>75%,越高越好。

　　Raw materials: particle size of 250 mesh, 90%, calcium purity>75%, the higher the better.

　　塔液位：硫含量高的化，不宜过低，要有充分的量循环反应；

　　Tower liquid level: For those with high sulfur content, it should not be too low and there should be sufficient circulating reaction;

　　浆液温度：控制35-65℃（不是烟气温度）；

　　Slurry temperature: Control 35-65 ℃ (not flue gas temperature);

　　液气比：15-30 L/m?（硫含量越高，液气比需越大），计算方法：烟气流量100000m?，循环泵4台流量1200m?/h，则液气比L/G=1200*4*1000/200000=24

　　Liquid to gas ratio: 15-30 L/m? The higher the sulfur content, the greater the liquid to gas ratio required. Calculation method: If the flue gas flow rate is 100000m ? and the flow rate of four circulating pumps is 1200m ?/h, then the liquid to gas ratio L/G=1200 * 4 * 1000/20000=24

　　吸收塔pH值：5.0-5.8（最佳反应区间），pH＜5.0会导致吸收能力下降，pH＞6.0易引发Ca结垢

　　Absorption tower pH value: 5.0-5.8 (optimal reaction range). pH<5.0 will lead to a decrease in absorption capacity, while pH>6.0 is prone to Ca scaling

　　吸收塔密度：1.08-1.15g/cm?；

　　Absorption tower density: 1.08-1.15g/cm?;

　　石膏含水率：10-15%（真空皮带脱水后）

　　Gypsum moisture content: 10-15% (after vacuum belt dehydration)

　　氧化风：（可以选择空气悬浮风机比较好用），如果是环形母管 + 多根支管（DN25~DN50）+ 多孔喷头的可以少一些，3-5个单点吹入的需要多些。

　　Oxidation air: (air suspension fan can be chosen for better use). If it is a circular main pipe+multiple branch pipes (DN25~DN50)+porous nozzles, there can be fewer, and more need to be blown into 3-5 single points.

　　喷淋：浆液喷淋覆盖率至少达到150%以上，错层分布，可以选择双喷头。

　　Spray: The coverage rate of slurry spray should reach at least 150%, with staggered distribution, and dual nozzles can be selected.

　　滤布：200-300目，日常冲洗，定期更换；

　　Filter cloth: 200-300 mesh, daily flushing, regular replacement;

　　旋流器压力：0.15-0.25mpa

　　Cyclone pressure: 0.15-0.25mpa

　　脱水机冲洗水压力：（作用：滤布冲洗水、真空盒密封）>0.4mpa；

　　Dehydration machine flushing water pressure: (function: filter cloth flushing water, vacuum box sealing)>0.4mpa;

　　脱水机真空：>0.04mpa

　　Dehydration machine vacuum:>0.04mpa

　　可以适当使用增效剂和消泡剂

　　Enhancers and defoamers can be used appropriately

　　脱硫的稳定运行和石膏稳定脱干，也是系统调整和细节把控，大家有什么问题可以具体交流。

　　The stable operation of desulfurization and the stable dehydration of gypsum are also system adjustments and detail control. If you have any questions, please communicate them in detail.

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　　This article is contributed by the friendship of biogas desulfurization For more related knowledge, please click http://www.fengyuch.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Stay tuned